HERALDRY:THE CLUES TO HISTORY – Ephraim The Unicorn
We have considered the origins of Heraldry and Bri tish and European armorial bearings in particular, with emphasis on the heraldic and symbolic Lion of the tribe of Judah. The second supporter on the royal coat of arms is the Unicorn, represented nowadays as a kind of horse with one twisted horn. This beast seems as mythical as the dragons and gryphons of legend , but we shall examine its origins and see whether our trail will lead once more to ancient Israel.
What does the Bible tell us? Turn to Jacob’s blessings as recorded in Deuteronomy 33: v. 17:
“His glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of unicorns: with them he shall push the people together to the ends of the earth: and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim and the thousands of Manasseh “.
This is Jacob’s prophetic blessing of the sons of Joseph, in which he likens the tribe to an Ox and a Unicorn.
This seems a far cry from a horse-like creature with a twisted horn, but remember that one of the sins of the Israelites in the Wilderness was to set themselves up a Golden Calf to worship, thus proving that they had a special reverence for an Ox or Bull. The twisted horn of the Unicorn could be the two horns of the Bull, which can be imagined in profile, “pushing the people together to the ends of the earth”. This is precisely what the Tribes of Israel did after their escape from their captivities, for in their outward spread from the Caucasus, they pushed the indigenous tribes out of the territories which they entered. Another symbol of Joseph was a horn, so we can see how the symbols have combined to give the fabled Unicorn.
The Ox or Bull was the emblem of the Saxons during their long journey across Europe. Today it is used in districts of Denmark and in Iceland, which was colonised from Denmark. It is an emblem in Swedish heraldry, and in Scottish and English armorial bearings, most notably in the Royal Arms. The horn had a special significance for the Nordic invaders of these islands, and York Minster treasures a very ancient horn. It is large and has a carving of a Vine and what appears to be a Lion and a Unicorn. Authorities seem to think that this horn is of Eastern origin. Objections have been raised that the Lion appears to have wings like an Assyrian lion, but this is even more significant in view of the fact that the Northern House was taken captive by the Assyrians, and may logically have been expected to have adopted some of the Assyrian conventions. After all, they would have been surrounded by such representations during their stay in Assyria. The Vikings, who colonised York, used horns for drinking wine and the symbolism was a feature of their mythology. The Vine was another lsraelitish symbol, referred to by Jesus in His Parables.
A significant fact which adds another piece to the puzzle, is that “John Bull” is the nickname for the English.
From a study of the history of Israel as told in the Old Testament we discover that the symbols had become typical of the Northern and Southern houses of Israel after Solomon’s death, when they had split into two Kingdoms. The emblem of the Southern House of Judah was a Lion and that of the Northern House, which went into Assyrian captivity before the Southern House, was that of the Unicorn.
In Numbers ch. 23: 22-24 and Numbers ch. 24: vv. 8, 9, the heathen prophet, Balaam, refers to the two Kingdoms separately under their emblems of a Lion and a Unicorn. The Northern House of Ephraim had erred before in their history in setting up a Golden Calf for worship, and after Solomon’s death they soon rejected the Royal House of David and became heathen; but the Southern House remained loyal to the House of David, and therefore retained the Lion as their symbol.
Descendants of the Northern and Southern Houses of Israel found their way to these British Isles after many years of wandering and conquest, and eventually the two Kingdoms were re-united in the person of James VI of Scotland who became James I of England, the two Kingdoms thus becoming Great Britain.
Another interesting point is that the ancient Hebrew for the emblematic Ox was eng!, which is very similar to Angle. In Hosea 8:5 we read:
“Thy calf, O Samaria, hath cast thee off”
and in v. 6
“..but the calf of Samaria shall be broken in pieces”.
Strong’s Concordance has “calf” as egel in each case and this word has the gl root. In Hebrew there are no written vowels, and the spoken vowels often have to be inferred. The g may be “soft” or “hard”, giving a ng sound, such as we have in “singing” for the soft consonant. Samaria was the area from which the Northern House was taken captive to Assyria. Herodotus the historian mentions a tribe in Bactria called the Aegli. Bactria was an ancient name for the area in Central Asia between the Amu Darya river and the Hindu Kush mountains. The Northern House of Israel disappeared from view en route to the Caucasus, which is between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Furthermore, in ancient times the Crimea was known as Taurica and Tauric Scythia. This would mean the land of the Bull, or Bull Scythia. The Scythians (a name which is very similar to “Scots”) settled in the Black Sea area until they began their westward journey. Another significant point is the bull worship of the ancient Cretans. Some believe that they were Israelites who broke away from the main body round about the time of the Exodus.
The Angles were a tribe which gave their name to England. They settled here from areas near present day Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark, landing mostly in Kent and East Anglia.
We have examined some more clues to our very ancient roots, but there are more of the tribes of Israel to study and to see where their emblems lead us. In isolation, the tracing of each symbol may seem to be mere coincidence, but the sum of the whole is extremely significant to those who have eyes to see.

